{"title":"All posters","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"1","title":"Helping mother learn to read and write","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Yu Yunjie\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1956\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shanghai People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 524x768\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Excellent, very light creasing to margins, some small tears to margins\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBetween 1950 and 1956 there were several campaigns mounted in an effort to combat illiteracy. In 1950 the government had set standards of defining literacy as the ability to recognise 1000 characters, as well as beginning the development of pinyin. Pinyin is a system of romanising the Chinese language and was developed by many linguists with consideration to other foreign languages and earlier romanisation systems - at one stage it was considered that pinyin could eventually replace Chinese characters completely.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"image of simplified and traditional Chinese characters for mother\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/files\/Chinese-simplified-traditional-characters_medium.jpg?v=1507891967\" style=\"margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; float: left;\"\u003eOne of the most important developments of this period for the advancements in literacy was the introduction of \u003cem\u003ejiantizi\u003c\/em\u003e, or simplified characters. These were created by simplifying the forms and reducing the number of strokes required to write a large proportion of Chinese characters, for example by replacing all instances of a certain character component with a simplified version. Many of the posters appearing in the 1950s had yet to adopt the new simplified characters, including this particular poster. The examples here show the character for 'mother', as used in the poster slogan, with the traditional version left and simplified on the right. The component on the right-hand side has been simplified, requiring only three strokes rather than the nine of the traditional character.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYu Yunjie (1917-1992), from Changzhou in Jiangsu province, graduated from National Central University in 1941 and was a student of the soviet Socialist Realist painter Konstantin M. Maksimov (1913-1993), the best known artist of the Soviet Ministry of Culture to come to China who taught painting in Beijing between 1955 and 1957. Yu was branded a \u003cem\u003eyoupai\u003c\/em\u003e (rightist) in 1957 during the Anti-Rightist Campaign of 1957-1958, which targeted mainly intellectuals and artists who had spoken out during the Hundred Flowers Campaign, but resumed his work several years later.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48004169737,"sku":"ER2","price":350.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Helping-mother-learn-to-read.jpg?v=1509985714"},{"product_id":"2","title":"Today's model ship hobbyists, tomorrow's shipbuilding pioneers","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Deng Zhiying and Jin Guiquan\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1960\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shanghai People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 527x766\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Excellent. Printed on cheap paper stock, foxing and discolouration due to age.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48006004745,"sku":"ER4","price":350.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Today_s-model-ship-hobbyists_-tomorrow_s-shipbuilding-pioneers.jpg?v=1534847660"},{"product_id":"3","title":"Celebrate International Children's Day","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Yao Zhongyu\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1960\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shanghai People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 527x766\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Very good, some staining and foxing to margins. Printed on cheap paper stock, discolouration due to age\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"image of children celebrating Children's Day in 1960 with teacher holding a portrait of Mao\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/files\/Children_s-Day-1960_large.jpg?v=1507972708\" style=\"margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; float: left;\"\u003eLiuyi Guoji Ertongjie\u003c\/em\u003e (June 1 International Children's Day) is the day on which China celebrates International Children's Day, which is recognised on different days around the world. After the founding of the People's Republic in 1949 a half-day holiday was granted to all primary schools, increased in 1956 to a full day. Fun activities and events are often arranged. \u003cbr\u003e The white banner at the top of the poster reads \u003cem\u003ehaohao xuexi, tiantian xiangshang\u003c\/em\u003e (study well, make progress every day). The words for peace in several different languages are written on the orange ribbon. The photograph shows a group of children in Taicang, Jiangsu celebrating Children's Day in 1960 with their teacher, centre, holding a portrait of Mao. \u003ca style=\"text-decoration: none; border: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sohu.com\/a\/78508674_385218\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"link to image source for children's day 1960 in Taicang Jiangsu image\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(image source)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48039526409,"sku":"ER5","price":350.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Celebrate-International-Children_s-Day.jpg?v=1507383031"},{"product_id":"4","title":"Actively develop youth scientific activities, become a young pioneer exploring the wonders of science","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Jin Guiquan\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1960\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shanghai People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 527x764\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Excellent, some small tears to margins. Printed on cheap paper stock, discolouration due to age\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Young Pioneers or Red Scarves with model planes in the 1950s\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/files\/Red-Scarves_large.jpg?v=1507972263\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;\"\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eZhongguo shaonian xianfeng dui \u003c\/em\u003eor China Young Pioneers movement, founded on 13 October 1949, was a youth organisation for children aged between six and fourteen. The red scarf was the only item of uniform worn; members are commonly referred to as \u003cem\u003ehonglingjin\u003c\/em\u003e, or Red Scarves. The organisation's constitution states that the scarf symbolises the blood sacrificed by martyrs of the revolution, and should therefore be worn with pride. In this poster the children are portrayed experimenting with radio technology and model-building, with a view to their personal development and future contribution to the nation.\u003ca style=\"text-decoration: none; border: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sohu.com\/a\/145073200_178382\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"link to image source for photo of Young Pioneers in 1956\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e (image source)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e   \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48039985161,"sku":"ER3","price":350.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Actively-develop-youth-scientific-activities-become-a-young-pioneer-exploring-the-wonders-of-science.jpg?v=1507383128"},{"product_id":"6","title":"Study hard to become capable and dexterous, revolutionary technologies enable great ambition and talent","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Wu Xingqing\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1959\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shanghai People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 530x771\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Excellent, some creasing to margins\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48041328649,"sku":"ER15","price":250.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Study-hard-to-become-capable-and-dexterous_-revolutionary-technologies-enable-great-ambition-and-talent.jpg?v=1534846924"},{"product_id":"9","title":"Spare no effort for the people","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e unknown\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1969\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Sichuan People's Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 530x768\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Very good, some creasing, small tears to margins, some repairs to edges on rear\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eText in red under the poster title reads: \u003cem\u003eXiang gongchan zhuyi zhanshi Yang Shuicai tongzhi xuexi \u003c\/em\u003e(Learn from communist warrior comrade Yang Shuicai)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eText in the top corner reads: \u003cem\u003eWo zancheng zhe yang de kouhao, jiazuo \"yi bu pa ku, er bu pa si\". Mao Zedong \u003c\/em\u003e(I approve of this kind of slogan, known as \"one - do not fear hardship, two - do not fear death\". - [signed] Mao Zedong)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYang Shuicai (1924-1966), from Xuchang county in Henan province, was twice designated a person rendering outstanding service to his country. Joining the PLA in 1949, Yang was merited for his actions during the battle to liberate Jiangnan. He joined the communist party in the mid-1950s, serving as deputy secretary of the brigade party branch. Fatigued from overwork and suffering from various ailments, Yang Shuicai was discovered dead at his desk on 5 December 1966, reportedly with a copy of Chairman Mao's \u003cem\u003eQuotations\u003c\/em\u003e at his side.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHeld as a model of the kind of selfless and hard-working grassroots party member who endured hardship while striving to improve the lives of those around them, in 1969 the \u003cem\u003ePeople's Daily\u003c\/em\u003e ran two items about Yang, as a 'model communist party member who spared no effort for the people' and 'an exemplary model of a revolutionary class warrior'.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48044638217,"sku":"ER12","price":245.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Spare-no-effort-for-the-people.jpg?v=1534846791"},{"product_id":"10","title":"Happy Party, happy army, happy people","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Xia Kehong\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1976\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Sichuan People's Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 534x765\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Excellent, light creasing to margins, some small tears to margins\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe banners in the background read: \u003cem\u003erelie qingzhu Hua Guofeng tongzhi ren zhong gong zhongyang zhuxi zhongyang junwei zhuxi\u003c\/em\u003e (warmly celebrating comrade Hua Guofeng to the post of chairman of the Communist Party of China and chairman of the Military Commission) and:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003erelie qingzhu fensui sirenbang fandang jituan cuandang\u003c\/em\u003e . . (warmly celebrating the crushing of the Gang of Four anti-party clique usurping the party leadership . . ).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy 1976 Mao was in very poor health and a struggle for power began between Hua Guofeng and the Gang of Four (Mao's wife Jiang Qing, with Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan and Wang Hongwen). With the army on his side Hua ultimately won the struggle and on 6 October 1976 had the four radicals arrested. The Gang of Four is generally held to be responsible for some of the worst excesses of the Cultural Revolution. Jiang Qiang and Zhang Chunqiao were sentenced to death, later commuted to life in prison; Wang Hongwen received a life sentence; Yao Wenyuan 20 years imprisonment. Jiang Qing committed suicide in 1991.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany posters featuring Hua Guofeng were produced during this period with the aim of legitimising his leadership. Hua himself even grew his hair and adopted a similar hairstyle in an effort to appear more like Mao. In matters of policy, Hua announced that\u003cem\u003e \"we will resolutely uphold whatever policy decisions Chairman Mao made, and unswervingly follow whatever instructions Chairman Mao gave\"\u003c\/em\u003e, a statement that became known as the 'Two Whatevers'. In 1978 Deng Xiaoping moved to win control of China's economy and by 1980 had taken control of the party leadership.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48047554569,"sku":"ER11","price":245.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Happy-Party_-happy-army_-happy-people.jpg?v=1507382038"},{"product_id":"11","title":"Safeguard the mighty achievements of the Cultural Revolution","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Jian Chongming and Zhang Mingsheng\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1974\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Sichuan People's Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 531x768\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Excellent, some light creasing, some discolouration to bottom margin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe banners in background read: \u003cem\u003echedi pipan Lin Biao fandang [jituan]\u003c\/em\u003e (ruthlessly criticise the Lin Biao anti-party [clique])\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ehenpi Konglao'er \"kejifuli . .\"\u003c\/em\u003e (thoroughly criticise Confucius and the \"restrain oneself and return to the rites . .\")\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\"xue er you ze shi\" shi fandong jie\u003c\/em\u003e . . (\"a good scholar can become an official\" is reactionary class . . )\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe banners strung up in the street behind the group of figures all refer to the \u003cem\u003ePi Lin pi Kong yundong\u003c\/em\u003e (Campaign to criticise Lin Biao and Confucius), a political struggle from the later days of the Cultural Revolution that sought to bring about the downfall of Zhou Enlai.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1973 Mao had declared that when criticising Lin Biao, who had fallen out of favour with his 'anti-party clique', it was necessary to also criticise Confucius - whose thinking, with its accessions to nobility and slave ownership, was considered at the time as reactionary. Mao noted that Lin Biao was a great admirer of Confucius. The campaign to criticise Confucius was widely taken up by education departments and institutes of higher education, but drew criticism from Zhou Enlai. Using historical allegory, Mao Zedong then aligned himself with the ancient Chinese emperor Qin Shihuangdi as well as the Legalist school of philosophy, portraying himself as the progressive force opposed to the reactionary Confucian line supported by Zhou Enlai. Enthusiastically taking up the spirit of the debate, the \u003cem\u003ePeople's Daily\u003c\/em\u003e then printed an article on 28 September 1973 defending the 'progressive' actions of the Qin emperor in his measures to burn books and bury scholars.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy January 1974 a mass movement to criticise Lin Biao and Confucius was underway throughout the whole country. Using material prepared by Mao's wife Jiang Qing and her faction, while the movement was supposedly attacking Lin Biao and Confucius, the intended target was plainly the 'modern-day Confucius', Zhou Enlai. By the end of the Cultural Revolution, with Mao's health beginning to fail, he eventually realised that however committed Jiang Qing appeared to be in removing Zhou Enlai from power the oust had failed, and he switched sides to criticise the Gang of Four. By the end of the year the campaign to criticise Lin Biao and Confucius campaign had come to an end.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe lines in quotation marks referred to on the banners mentioned above in the background of the poster are quotes from the \u003cem\u003eAnalects of Confucius\u003c\/em\u003e, believed to be written during the Warring States period (475-221 BC), that would have come under attack during the Cultural Revolution as examples of reactionary Confucian thinking. The reference on the middle banner to Confucius as \u003cem\u003eKonglao'er\u003c\/em\u003e (the second son of Kong), is a derogatory phrase used during anti-Confucian campaigns. The book in the pocket of the helpful female holding the paint pot has the title \u003cem\u003ePi Lin pi Kong wenzhang\u003c\/em\u003e (article on the campaign to criticise Lin Biao and Confucius).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48049422345,"sku":"ER10","price":350.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Safeguard-the-mighty-achievements-of-the-Cultural-Revolution.jpg?v=1534846325"},{"product_id":"12","title":"Our motherland is an expanse of red","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cultural Revolution Poster Design Group\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1976\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shanghai People's Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 527x768\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Excellent, some discolouration to lower margin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe centre banner reads: \u003cem\u003eGeming Weiyuanhui\u003c\/em\u003e (Revolutionary Committees)\u003cbr\u003eBanner on left reads: \u003cem\u003erelie huanhu quanguo (chu Taiwan sheng wai) ge sheng, shi, zizhiqu geming weiyuanhui quanbu chengli\u003c\/em\u003e (warmly hailing the complete establishment throughout the whole country's provinces, cities and autonomous regions (except the province of Taiwan) of the Revolutionary Committees)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith the term originating in the Soviet Union, the Revolutionary Committees were established at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution to replace the existing political and organisational structures of the party. In January 1967 a rebel faction overthrew the state leadership in Shanghai, and installed themselves in power under the name of the Shanghai Commune. Shortly afterwards, Mao Zedong renamed the group the Shanghai Revolutionary Committee. He then declared that in places where it was necessary to seize power, new Revolutionary Committees should be formed under the principle of \u003cem\u003esanjiehe\u003c\/em\u003e (three-in-one combination), composed of the three revolutionary groups of the cadres, masses, and military. In practice the 'masses' comprised mainly Red Guard groups and factions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy September 1968 committees had been founded in all areas of the country with the obvious exception of Taiwan, leading to the proclamation \u003cem\u003equanguo shanhe yipian hong\u003c\/em\u003e (the whole country is red). A famous stamp was designed on 24 November 1968 to commemorate the event but the artist left Taiwan unshaded with red, thus not a part of the united China. Hastily withdrawn from circulation with the official reasoning of geographical inaccuracies to islands and borders, the stamp's designer Wang Weisheng was terrified at the time of being jailed. The rarity of the item has led to it becoming one of the world's most valuable stamps, selling for hundreds of thousands of pounds a time.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the demise of Lin Biao in 1971, the support of the Revolutionary Committees by the People's Liberation Army - that had dominated their control - began to decline and the original party structure was gradually reintroduced. This poster was printed at the time of Mao's death in September 1976, when the process of phasing out the Revolutionary Committees was already underway. They would remain until their official abolition in 1978 but the poster is likely providing a suitable fanfare for the accomplishment of the revolutionary goal at the same time as signalling the changes to come.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48052240393,"sku":"ER9","price":120.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Our-motherland-is-an-expanse-of-red.jpg?v=1510858887"},{"product_id":"33","title":"Everyone come and sing about Children's Day","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zhao Jingdong\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1962\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Hebei People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 535x765\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Very good, creasing to margin, 2.5cm tear in centre - not visible\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLiuyi Guoji Ertongjie\u003c\/em\u003e (June 1 International Children's Day) is the day on which China celebrates International Children's Day, which is recognised on different days around the world. After the founding of the People's Republic in 1949 a half-day holiday was granted to all primary schools, increased in 1956 to a full day. Fun activities and events are often arranged. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChildren's Day posters often emphasised the international aspect of the celebration; in this poster we could assume that the intention is to depict children of Chinese, European and African origin playing their instruments together.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, the pinyin (system of romanisation of the Chinese language developed in the 1950s) is incorrect for the third character of the slogan.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48245473289,"sku":"HB12","price":350.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Everyone-come-and-sing-about-Children_s-Day.jpg?v=1507382295"},{"product_id":"36","title":"Contributing our strengths to carry out modernisation of agriculture","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Peng Shaomin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1965\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shanghai People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 525x770\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e excellent\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe equipment carried by the two women and power lines in the background suggest that their work and contribution to the modernisation of agriculture is the installation or repair of power lines in the countryside. The characters appear robust, healthy and happy with their work. In line with the gender equality asserted by the Chinese Communist Party, women were often portrayed carrying out tasks that usually would have been left to men. Women did undoubtedly carry out repairs to power lines - later on in the early 1970s a visiting foreign friendship association witnessed a group of women who had developed methods of allowing the current to pass harmlessly through their bodies while working on live lines, reportedly by observing the way birds land on power cables.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48259334153,"sku":"HB140","price":195.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Contributing-our-strengths-to-carry-out-modernisation-of-agriculture.jpg?v=1507382794"},{"product_id":"40","title":"Premier Zhou together with model family planning couple","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e unknown\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e c.1975\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chinese People's Liberation Army Family Planning Leadership Group\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 535x762\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Excellent\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eText at top reads: \u003cem\u003ezenggei jihua shengyu xianjin\u003c\/em\u003e (presented to exemplary family planning couples)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eText at bottom reads: \u003cem\u003ejingai de Zhou Enlai Zongli ceng yaoqiu dajia li dazhi, xiangyuan kan, ba geren shenghuo de anpai tong guojia liyi jiehe qilai; weihun nannv qingnian zhuyi wanhun, yihun de yao zhuyi jihua shengyu\u003c\/em\u003e (beloved Premier Zhou Enlai requires everyone to establish high aspirations, to look to the future, to join together for the benefit of the nation and for individuals' arrangements for daily life; unmarried male and female youths should pay attention to marrying later, those already married should pay attention to family planning).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the mid-1950s China stepped up its efforts to control the country's population by birth control, although policies shifted during this period in part due to the need for manpower of the Great Leap Forward campaign. Once population growth had stabilised after the effects of the disastrous famine, the Birth Planning Commission was established in 1964 along with a domestically produced contraceptive pill. From the early 1970s the propaganda network was mobilised in the campaign to promote birth control. The fourth Five-Year Plan included a goal of reducing the annual population growth rate from 2.5 percent to 1 percent in cities and 1.5 percent in the countryside between 1970 and 1975; the next plan aimed at further reductions to be achieved by 1980.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003ewan, xi, shao\u003c\/em\u003e policy (later, longer, fewer) was commenced in the early 1970s, encouraging couples to have children later, to wait longer between births, and to have fewer children. At ground level, birth planning enforcers were employed to keep detailed records on all women of child-bearing age - monitoring births, use of contraception and menstrual cycles - and used various coercive means to prevent unsanctioned births. Although these measures are usually associated with the one-child policy of the 1980s, their use predates this and such practices were reportedly widely employed in the preceding decade.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48284499977,"sku":"HB326","price":120.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Premier-Zhou-together-with-model-family-planning-couple.jpg?v=1513103929"},{"product_id":"43","title":"The people's armed forces love the people everywhere","description":"\u003cp\u003eArtist: Lvshun Dalian City Proletariat Propaganda Poster Creative Study Group\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYear: 1977\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher: People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSize (mm): 531x770\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCondition: Very good, creasing to margins, repairs to margins on rear, small tears to margins\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48295706633,"sku":"HB325","price":155.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/The-people_s-armed-forces-love-the-people-everywhere.jpg?v=1534847364"},{"product_id":"46","title":"Greatly support agriculture","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shenyang City East Red Agricultural Machinery Factory Workers' Union Supplies\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1970\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shenyang City Revolutionary Committee Cultural Department\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 534x776\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Excellent, light creasing, small tears to margins\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"image of 1966 little red book\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/files\/little-red-book_large.jpg?v=1507891871\" style=\"margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; float: left;\"\u003eFirst published in 1964 for use by the People's Liberation Army, the \u003cem\u003eQuotations from Chairman Mao Tse-Tung\u003c\/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eLittle Red Book\u003c\/em\u003e as it became known in the West, was an anthology of selected quotations pulled from Mao's various speeches and writings. Originally containing 200 quotes, after various revisions the book was expanded to finally number 427 quotes addressing 33 topics. By 1965 demand for the book had grown to enormous levels, and during the Cultural Revolution it became an unofficial requirement for every Chinese citizen to own it, read it and carry a copy at all times. It was translated into various different languages, with the most common edition produced with a distinctive red vinyl cover (see image left). Distribution is likely to have been numbered in the billions. \u003cbr\u003eLarge crowds ecstatically waving their copies of the\u003cem\u003e Quotations \u003c\/em\u003ewere a common sight at the time and have been captured in many photographs, newsreels and posters. In this poster the farmer holds high his \u003cem\u003eLittle Red Book\u003c\/em\u003e as he drives his tractor through fields of crops that extend to the horizon. In the far distance, green terraced fields and a modern industrial complex can be glimpsed to the sides. The worker wears overalls bearing the slogan \u003cem\u003ezhua geming cu shengchan\u003c\/em\u003e (grasp the revolution and promote production).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48307273737,"sku":"HB673-677","price":135.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Greatly-support-agriculture.jpg?v=1507378154"},{"product_id":"47","title":"Proletarian revolutionary rebel group, unite!","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Jilin Luyi Great Revolutionary Rebel Army\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1967\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Jilin People's Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 532x760\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e excellent\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe banner in the background reads: \u003cem\u003egeming zaofan jingshen wansui\u003c\/em\u003e (long live the spirit of revolutionary rebellion)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe slogan \u003cem\u003ezaofan youli\u003c\/em\u003e (to rebel is justified) had first been used by Mao Zedong during the Yan'an period of 1936-1945, and was revived during the Cultural Revolution to stir the Red Guards into revolutionary action. Mao felt that it was necessary to completely purge the party of revisionists, destroy and rebuild the entire bureaucracy from the bottom up, and to train a new generation of revolutionary youth to continue the struggle. To do this a mass mobilisation of students and, later on, workers was encouraged and given almost complete freedom to form organisations to root out those they viewed as revisionist or not sufficiently devoted to Mao Zedong Thought. The Central Cultural Revolution Group (CCRG) was given the task of steering and controlling the Red Guard groups, and was also responsible for identifying and punishing dissident Red Guards who were deviating from the approved line. Mao and the CCRG gave vocal praise and encouragement through the media to those groups who acted favourably, and leaders attended mass Red Guard rallies at Tiananmen Square. All classes and exams were suspended in June 1966, leaving the students with nothing to do except participate in the rebellion. The student activists often targeted faculty staff and administrators, holding criticisms and struggle sessions where violent denunciations and public humiliations were carried out, sometimes leading to the suicide of those who had been targeted. The increasingly violent behaviour of the Red Guards was initially viewed by Mao and the CCRG as an inevitable component of the rebellion, and they were reluctant to intervene to place restrictions on the movement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe various student factions, however, proved difficult to control as they vied with each other to prove their loyalty, and attempts to curb the groups' behaviours only served to cause resentments and increase rivalries. The problems caused by the students led Mao to turn in late 1966 to industrial workers, encouraging them to mobilise and form their own rebel groups. Workers were granted the right to set up revolutionary organisations and the sheer numbers who participated soon eclipsed the student movements. The worker groups proved no easier to control than the students, with factions and conflicts quickly materialising and causing great divisions and disruption. In 1967 the military was mobilised in an effort to restore order and bring an end to the violent factionalism, leading to armed battles between rebel factions and the army - in some places involving tanks and artillery and resulting thousands of deaths. The military intervention ultimately caused much greater damage than the Red Guards and factional wars between rebel groups.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48312090633,"sku":"HB40\/41\/42","price":475.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Proletarian-revolutionary-rebellion-group_-unite.jpg?v=1513359699"},{"product_id":"48","title":"The revolutionary peasant movement is great!","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Jilin Luyi Great Revolutionary Rebel Army\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1967\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Jilin People's Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 532x760\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Excellent, some creasing to margins\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48314744841,"sku":"HB27","price":475.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/The-revolutionary-peasant-movement-is-great.jpg?v=1534847571"},{"product_id":"49","title":"Long live the victory of Chairman Mao's route of revolutionary literature and art","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e unknown\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1975\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e unknown\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 540x739\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Excellent\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe text under the slogan reads \u003cem\u003egeming yangbanxi yingpian huiying\u003c\/em\u003e (festival of revolutionary model operas and films)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom top, left to right, the stills are taken from:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModel revolutionary opera \u003cem\u003e'Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy'\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003eModel revolutionary opera \u003cem\u003e'The Legend of the Red Lantern'\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003eModel revolutionary ballet \u003cem\u003e'Red Detachment of Women'\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/em\u003eModel revolutionary opera \u003cem\u003e'Shajiabang' \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003eModel revolutionary ballet \u003cem\u003e'The White Haired Girl' \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/em\u003ePiano and vocal accompaniment \u003cem\u003e'The Legend of the Red Lantern'\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePiano concerto \u003cem\u003e'Yellow River'\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/em\u003eSymphony \u003cem\u003e'Shajiabang' \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003eModel revolutionary opera \u003cem\u003e'Seaport'\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/em\u003eModel revolutionary opera \u003cem\u003e'Ode to the Dragon River'\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/em\u003eModel revolutionary opera\u003cem\u003e 'Red Detachment of Women'\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/em\u003eModel revolutionary opera\u003cem\u003e 'Raid on the White Tiger Regiment'\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/em\u003eModel revolutionary opera\u003cem\u003e 'Fighting on the Plains'\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/em\u003eModel revolutionary opera\u003cem\u003e 'Azalea Mountain'\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eText at bottom reads \u003cem\u003eZhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Wenhuabu juban\u003c\/em\u003e (held by the Ministry of Culture of the People's Republic of China, 23 May to 23 June 1975)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"a young Jiang Qing and Mao Zedong\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/files\/young-Jiang-Qing-and-Mao_medium.jpg?v=1510167842\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;\"\u003eJiang Qing, often known in the West as Madame Mao, was the last of Mao's four wives and a noted film actress of the 1930s in Shanghai where she also joined the underground communist party. In 1938 she travelled to Yan'an and was introduced to Mao by Kang Sheng. Mao assured his fellow party members that Jiang Qing would be kept out of politics, and during the 1950s she acted as head of the film section of the party's propaganda department. She was appointed as deputy director of the Central Cultural Revolution Group in 1966, rising to gain a seat on the Politburo in 1969 and exerting considerable influence over affairs of state. During the Cultural Revolution Jiang Qing became the leading figure in the Chinese arts and was responsible for the development of the 'eight model plays', in part an attempt to update what was considered the feudalistic and bourgeois Peking opera. The modern operas, ballets, films and performances recounted stories of revolutionary struggles from China's history, glorifying the army and common people's battle against class enemies. Their style was to embody the qualities of \u003cem\u003ehong, guang, liang\u003c\/em\u003e (red, shiny, bright) and portrayed subjects according to the 'three prominences', where good characters were illuminated at centre stage and the bad guys relegated to dark corners. As the most famous of the few officially sanctioned performances of the Cultural Revolution, the eight model plays dominated China's arts scene during this period and led to the popular saying, \u003cem\u003ebayi ren kan bage xi\u003c\/em\u003e (eight hundred million watched eight shows).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy the mid-1970s Jiang Qing had become an intensely unpopular character, regarded as acting on personal vendettas and grudges nursed over decades. Following her political alignment with the Gang of Four (Wang Hongyuan, Zhang Qunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and herself), the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, and an alleged coup attempt, she was arrested and subsequently sentenced to life in prison, commuted from a death sentence.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48324804617,"sku":"HB336","price":165.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Long-live-the-victory-of-Chairman-Mao_s-route-of-revolutionary-literature-and-art.jpg?v=1507380827"},{"product_id":"52","title":"Long live the great unity of the workers of the world","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ha Qiongwen\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1957\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shanghai People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 527x770\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Very good, folded as issued, small tears to margins, minor wear along fold lines, pencil marking on front\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e'Workers of the world, unite!' was the most famous rallying cry of Marx and Engels' 1948 \u003cem\u003eCommunist Manifesto,\u003c\/em\u003e and exhorted the working classes of the world to come together to be victorious in class conflict. \u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003eThe 5.1 at the top of the poster refers to\u003cem\u003e Wuyi Laodongjie\u003c\/em\u003e (1 May Labour Day or International Workers' Day), a celebration of labourers and working classes that is held in many countries around the world. Originally chosen by by socialist and communist political parties to commemorate the Haymarket Affair of 1886 in Chicago, it calls for workers of all countries to demonstrate for the legal eight-hour day, universal peace, and the class demands of the proletariat.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChina's first professional propaganda poster team was assembled in 1954 at the East China People's Art Publishing House in Shanghai. The team comprised commercial artists from pre-1949 advertising agencies and design studios, and art school graduates of the forties and fifties, and became the most productive of the propaganda poster teams - issuing over forty million posters between 1954 and 1966. At the peak of propaganda poster production a new poster could be designed, painted and produced in as little as ten hours, meaning that every new party policy could be fed down and disseminated to the public almost instantly. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHa Qiongwen (1925-2012) was the most famous of the Shanghai propaganda artists. Born in Beijing, he studied oil painting at the National Central University and joined the People's Liberation Army after his graduation in 1949, where he taught art at the East China Military and Political Academy. In 1955 he started work at the Shanghai People's Fine Art Publishing House where he became one of the best known and most prolific artists, with over ten million copies of his designs published during his 37-year career. In 1961 Ha designed one of China's most successful propaganda posters, \u003cem\u003eLong live Chairman Mao\u003c\/em\u003e, which was displayed all over the country in public buildings and spaces. It depicted a pretty woman in traditional dress holding a child, amid pink blossoms. Later, during the Cultural Revolution, the absence of Chairman Mao and the supposedly bourgeois clothing of the woman would cause the artist many problems, resulting in multiple struggle sessions and public beatings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48338141193,"sku":"HB31","price":625.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Long-live-the-unity-of-the-workers-of-the-world.jpg?v=1507381620"},{"product_id":"53","title":"Let us return to strike the schools, thoroughly carry out revolution!","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Beijing Middle and Lower Schools Revolutionary Teachers and Students Rebel Committee\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1967\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher: \u003c\/strong\u003eUnknown\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 542x781\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Good, heavy creasing and small tears to top margin, loss to top right corner, two 3cm tears to right margin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003ehongweibing\u003c\/em\u003e or Red Guards were a mass student revolutionary movement active during the early years of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). Initially composed mainly of university, high- and middle-school pupils, the movement spread to include workers and the military. The first Red Guard group is said to have originated at the middle school affiliated to Tsinghua University, where they criticised the intellectual elitism and bourgeois tendencies of the administration and attacked and beat the principal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: right;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Mao Zedong addressing the Red Guards at Tiananmen in 1966\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/files\/Mao-Zedong-addresses-Red-Guards_medium.jpg?v=1509736395\" style=\"margin-left: 20px; float: right;\"\u003eMao Zedong had launched the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in May 1966 in an attempt to purge the Chinese Communist Party of political and ideological opponents and to regain control after his disastrous Great Leap Forward. Seeing the potential in the newly formed Red Guards, he lent the Tsinghua group his personal support by ordering their manifesto to be published in newspapers and broadcast on national radio. With this seal of approval groups were formed throughout the whole of China. In August 1966 Mao made an appearance at Tiananmen (see image) to review the 800,000-strong crowd assembled in the square, wearing the green military uniform favoured by the \u003cem\u003ehongweibing \u003c\/em\u003eand sporting their signature red armband. The personality cult surrounding Mao grew to fever pitch. The 'Four Olds' of Chinese society (old customs, old culture, old habits, old ideas) were to be a principal target of revolution for the Red Guards. The groups rampaged across the country destroying museums, artworks, and temples, and attacking intellectuals, teachers and authority figures. Many different factions emerged, each declaring their own version of revolutionary action and unswerving loyalty to be truest to Mao, with the competition leading to physical violence. Education was widely disrupted with most secondary and tertiary level institutions closing completely between 1966 and 1968 - many of the teachers had been purged by the Red Guards, some of whom had acted to settle old scores. Secondary schools began reopening in 1968, but many universities remained closed until the early 1970s.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the Cultural Revolution emphasis had been placed on 'pure' class background and revolutionary zeal rather than academic ability, leading to major problems in the education system. By 1967 the escalating violence and disruption to the economy had become so severe that the People's Liberation Army was mobilised to bring an end to the movement. Many of the groups resisted the forcible suppression, but by the summer of 1968 the remainder of the groups had been brought under control. Vast numbers were arrested, accused of participation in counter-revolutionary political conspiracies and imprisoned, tortured and executed. Most of the remaining Red Guards were sent to the countryside for re-education where Mao declared that they would learn from living in rural poverty.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany posters of this period feature the distinctive red, black and white colouration of the Yan'an woodblock print, and are perhaps the among the most recognised Chinese propaganda posters in the West. Individual artists are often not credited, with precedence given to naming the many revolutionary groups set up to achieve the aims of the Cultural Revolution. Posters were produced by amateurs, often assisted by professional artists. Most of the professional design studios that produced posters were shut down at the time and Red Guards would often approach printers directly to have their posters published; to refuse would mean running the risk of being labelled as counter-revolutionary. In the poster's background the wall surrounding the school is covered by \u003cem\u003edazibao\u003c\/em\u003e or 'big-character posters' which were hand-written posters used to communicate protest, launch new ideas or often to personally attack and denounce individuals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: right;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: right;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: right;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: right;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: right;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: right;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: right;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48342761481,"sku":"HB32","price":475.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Let_s-return-to-stike-the-schools_-thoroughly-carry-out-revolution.jpg?v=1507380543"},{"product_id":"56","title":"Every increase in production eliminates another enemy","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zhao Yannian\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1953\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e East China People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 525x760\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e very good, small tears to margins repaired on rear and front\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe graphic image in the background of a Chinese soldier bayoneting US soldiers is used here partly as metaphor for the need for China to develop industrially to compete with foreign powers - with the slogan that every increase in production eliminates another enemy. Posters from this early period of the People's Republic still often displayed quite explicit anti-imperialist imagery; many of the artists involved would have produced posters for the resistance against the Japanese occupation of China (1937-45) and the fight for liberation. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZhao Yannian (1924-2014) was a renowned woodblock printer. During the Cultural Revolution he was criticised and imprisoned along with another artist, Pan Tianshou.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48356655113,"sku":"HB124","price":375.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Every-increase-in-production-eliminates-another-enemy.jpg?v=1507382526"},{"product_id":"58","title":"Shanghai Great World Entertainment Centre","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zhang Yuqing\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1966\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shanghai People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 529x770\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Excellent, small tears to margins, creasing to margins\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOpened in 1917 by the Shanghai businessman Huang Chujiu, the Great World Amusement Centre was the largest and most well-known entertainment complex of old Shanghai, earning the nickname the 'No.1 club of the East'. Originally offering attractions such as variety shows, fortune telling, Chinese opera, music hall and parlour games, Great World was rebuilt in 1928 in a European style featuring the distinctive four-storey tower. In 1930 the venue was reputedly taken over by Huang Jinrong, or 'Pockmarked Huang', a senior officer in the French gendarmerie of the 1920s and 1930s with links to organised crime and the opium trade. During this period the park was expanded to include dining, shopping malls, children's rides and the new attraction of distorting funhouse mirrors installed from the Netherlands. The Austrian-American film director of Hollywood movies, Joseph von Sternberg, described the venue of the mid-1930s in fascinating detail:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\"On the first floor were gambling tables, sing-song girls, magicians, pick-pockets, slot machines, fireworks, bird cages, fans, stick incense, acrobats and ginger. One flight up were the restaurants, a dozen different groups of actors, crickets in cages, pimps, mid-wives, barbers and earwax extractors. The third floor had jugglers, herb medicines, ice cream parlours, photographers, a new bevy of girls their high-collared gowns slit to reveal their hips, in case one had passed up the more modest ones below who merely flashed their thighs. The fourth floor was crowded with shooting galleries, fantan tables, massage benches...the fifth floor featured girls whose dresses were slit to the armpits, a stuffed whale, story tellers, balloons, peep shows, a mirror maze, two love-letter booths with scribes who guaranteed results, 'rubber goods' and a temple filled with ferocious gods and joss sticks. On the top floor and roof of that house of multiple joys a jumble of tight-rope walkers slithered back and forth, and there were seesaws, lottery tickets, and marriage brokers.\"\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Great World centre after bombing in 1937\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/files\/Great-World-Amusement-Center-after-bombing_medium.jpg?v=1518886524\" style=\"margin-right: 15px; margin-bottom: 15px; float: left;\"\u003eThe early days of Great World's associations with gambling, drugs and prostitution were brought to an end by the Japanese occupation of Shanghai. On 14 August 1937 during the Battle of Shanghai, a damaged Republic of China bomber was forced to release its payload before crash-landing, intending to drop the bombs on the uninhabited Shanghai Race Course. Unfortunately the munitions were released off-target and fell on the crowds gathered in the relative safety of the Great World area (see image) - located in the Shanghai International Settlement - killing many hundreds. After the communist victory in 1949 the \u003cem\u003eDashijie\u003c\/em\u003e (Great World) was renamed \u003cem\u003eShanghai Renmin Youlechang\u003c\/em\u003e (Shanghai People's Amusement Park), reopening in 1954. It reverted to the old name of \u003cem\u003eDashijie \u003c\/em\u003ein 1958. The centre was closed for the majority of the Cultural Revolution, only reopening during the 1980s. Great World remains an attraction of Shanghai, with opera, dancing, arcades, discos and bars.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis 1966 poster by Zhang Yuqing presents an idealised version of the Great World, in-line with the political aspirations of the Cultural Revolution that was to commence in the same year. The banner behind the main audience, \u003cem\u003ewenyi wei gongnongbing fuwu\u003c\/em\u003e (literature and art serve the workers, peasants, and soldiers) is one version of the broader declaration that 'literature and art serve politics'. In the 1930s the Marxist theory of literature and art being subordinate to politics arrived in China from the Soviet Union and was developed by Mao Zedong into the thesis that literature and art were to serve politics - subsequently proclaimed by Mao during the 1942 Yan'an Talks. This extreme-Left political stance on the function of the arts in society had been decided at the highest levels of the party leadership and remained dominant throughout the Cultural Revolution, with changes only brought about by Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s, after the ousting of the Gang of Four.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZhang Yuqing (1909-1993), from Cixi in Zhejiang, joined Shanghai World Publishing House in 1925 to study art and join the design team. In 1956 he moved to the Shanghai Print Publishing House as a \u003cem\u003enianhua\u003c\/em\u003e (New Year print) designer, later moving to the distinguished Shanghai People's Fine Art Publishing House. Active in poster design through several decades, many of his posters have garnered national awards, including his 1988 representation of Shanghai Great World. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA short 1929 clip of Great World can be seen in the BFI's film \u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca style=\"text-decoration: none; border: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bfi.org.uk\/whats-on\/bfi-film-releases\/around-china-movie-camera-beijing-shanghai\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAround China with a Movie Camera: a Journey from Beijing to Shanghai\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48358686729,"sku":"HB37","price":350.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Shanghai-Big-World-Entertainment-Centr-1966.jpg?v=1518893073"},{"product_id":"61","title":"Defeat Soviet Revisionism!","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shanghai Workers' Revolutionary Rebel Headquarters Artistic Communication Station; Shanghai Publishing Organisation Revolutionary Rebel Headquarters; Shanghai People's Fine Art Publishing House 'Fight to the End' Soldier Group\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1967\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shanghai People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 530x768\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Good, creasing, some tears to edges, 19cm tear on bottom but no loss, delicate paper - may suit backing\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: right;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Mao Zedong and Lin Biao with Red Guards 1966\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/files\/Mao-Lin-with-Red-Guards_ee6426f5-6448-47ee-9d64-a0cc807ff772_large.jpg?v=1510653645\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px;\"\u003eA classic example of one of the more strident and aggressive posters that appeared in the early 'Red Guard phase' (1966-68) of the Cultural Revolution. The line below the main title reads \u003cem\u003eZalan Bolieriniefu de goutou! Zalan Kexige de goutou!  \u003c\/em\u003e(Smash the dog's head of Brezhnev! Smash the dog's head of Kosygin!) 'Dog's head' was a pejorative term often applied by Red Guards to describe counter-revolutionaries. The 'Four Olds' of Chinese society (old customs, old culture, old habits, old ideas) were to be a principal target of revolution for the Red Guards. The groups rampaged across the country destroying museums, artworks, and temples, and attacking intellectuals, teachers and authority figures. Many different factions emerged, each declaring their own version of revolutionary action and unswerving loyalty to be truest to Mao, with the competition leading to physical violence. By the end of 1967 Mao had lost patience with the groups' factional warfare and it was decided that in order to maintain peace and stability in the country the Red Guards would have to be curtailed. The People's Liberation Army forcibly suppressed the movement, an action that took until the summer of 1968 to complete and resulted in vast numbers of people being imprisoned, tortured and executed - the violence committed in the suppression often exceeding the damage caused by the rampaging Red Guards. The early phase of the Cultural Revolution was the only period since the founding of the People's Republic that rebellion by the people had been encouraged in posters. In Yan'an in 1939 Mao Zedong had first declared that in accordance with the truths of Marxism, 'to rebel is justified' \u003cem\u003e(zaofan youli), \u003c\/em\u003eand this speech was reprinted by the \u003cem\u003ePeople's Daily\u003c\/em\u003e in 1966. The restless youth of the Red Guards naturally accepted this open invitation to turn the old order upside down and create chaos in the name of rebellion. The term revisionism was revived by Mao in the early 1960s during the Sino-Soviet split of the Cold War. Varying national interests and ideological differences caused the deterioration of relations between the two countries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: right;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: right;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48383819785,"sku":"HB40","price":475.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Defeat-Soviet-Revisionism.jpg?v=1510653092"},{"product_id":"63","title":"Our great motherland is flourishing","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Xu Changming and Ren Meijun\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1975\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shanghai People's Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 525x767\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Very good, some creasing to margins, small losses to lower margin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy the early 1970s the worst excesses of the Cultural Revolution had ended and life was gradually returning to some semblance of normality. With the previously declared successor of Mao and head of the People's Liberation Army, Lin Biao, having been killed in a plane crash while fleeing China after a supposed coup attempt, Deng Xiaoping was brought back into politics - carefully treading around Mao's ideology while introducing reformist measures to rebuild the economy. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany posters were produced around this period that presented the utopian version of life in rural China. Amateur artists composed of elements from the worker and peasant groups of society were involved to a large extent in the creation of posters, with the most well-known group being the Huxian peasant painters from Shaanxi province. Handbooks were published instructing on artistic techniques and providing examples of how to portray various figures and types, but despite the inference of the creative abilities of the proletariat, professional artists were often also involved. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis poster is produced in the naive, folk art-influenced style reminiscent of many others from the period with a large group of people representing the diverse ethnic groups of China, waving the red flowers symbolic of success, and holding aloft sheaves of abundant grain harvests. A performer holds a red lantern probably in allusion to the eight model plays, a scientist the atomic symbol, and workers hold various tools of their trade. The background depicts a highly detailed and stylised view of the successes achieved by the country in both rural and industrial sectors. The representations of agriculture include terraced fields, mechanised labour, irrigation, dams, aqueducts and crop spraying; while industrial and urban advancements are shown with mining, factories, railroads, bridges, and towns and cities. Winding through the whole scene is the river vital to commerce and irrigation of the countryside. The signage in the fields reads \u003cem\u003erenmin gongshe hao\u003c\/em\u003e (the people's communes are good) and \u003cem\u003enongye xue dazhai\u003c\/em\u003e (in agriculture learn from Dazhai); on the industrial complex at the top \u003cem\u003ezili gengsheng\u003c\/em\u003e (reconstruction through one's own efforts) and \u003cem\u003eduli zizhu\u003c\/em\u003e (maintain independence and hold the initiative). The modern building in the foreground is hosting the \u003cem\u003eZhongguo chukou shangpin jiaoyihui\u003c\/em\u003e (China export commodities fair) founded in 1957 in Guangzhou, showcasing the country's foreign trade.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48392011785,"sku":"HB320","price":120.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Our-great-motherland-is-flourishing.jpg?v=1510833102"},{"product_id":"65","title":"Sing the praises of youth","description":"\u003cp\u003eArtist: Jin Meisheng\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYear: 1981\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher: Shanghai People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSize (mm): 530x766\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCondition: Very good, light fold marks, creasing to margins, small tears to margins\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48400957449,"sku":"HB321","price":110.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Sing-the-praises-of-youth.jpg?v=1534846728"},{"product_id":"66","title":"Close companions","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Fan Yunqi\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1985\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shandong Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 534x766\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Excellent, creasing to margins\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRepresenting good luck, friendship and peace, the panda is one of China's national symbols. Showing small children gathering bamboo to feed the pandas in an idealised Chinese landscape, the poster would likely have been used to decorate a child's bedroom wall.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48407216137,"sku":"H319","price":85.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Close-companions.jpg?v=1507382843"},{"product_id":"68","title":"The four great ancient inventions of our country","description":"\u003cp\u003eArtist: Zhou Duanzhuang\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYear: 1985\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher: Shanghai People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSize (mm): 528x768\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCondition: Excellent, some creasing to margins\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48414294025,"sku":"HB717","price":50.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/The-four-great-ancient-inventions-of-our-country.jpg?v=1534847221"},{"product_id":"69","title":"Strive to reach 800 billion jin annual food production by 1985","description":"\u003cp\u003eArtist: Zhou Guangjie\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYear: 1979\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePublisher: People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSize (mm): 530x770\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCondition: very good, creasing to margins, repairs to margins on rear\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48421928969,"sku":"HB310","price":120.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Strive-to-reach-800-billion-jin-annual-food-production-by-1985.jpg?v=1534846852"},{"product_id":"70","title":"Treat customers politely, be warm and considerate, be civilised in business","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mao Wenbiao\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1983\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 530x769\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Very good, folds, creasing and small tears to margins, some staining to margins\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48440246281,"sku":"HB318","price":95.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Treat-customers-politely_-be-warm-and-considerate_-be-civilised-in-business.jpg?v=1534847720"},{"product_id":"79","title":"People's Liberation Army uncle tells stories","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Li Mubai\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1963\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Jiangsu People's Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 535x771\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Good, several folds, small tears to margins, discolouration to margins\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurrounded by a group of eagerly listening children, this soldier in People's Liberation Army (PLA) uniform is recounting tales of Lei Feng (1940-1962) - probably the best-known of the 'model' figures promoted by the Chinese Communist Party. On the wall in the background is a poster depicting Lei, and the visible book title on the table reads:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003elaodong renmin de hao erzi Lei Feng\u003c\/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003eThe good son of the working people, Lei Feng\u003c\/em\u003e)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"model soldier Lei Feng\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/files\/Lei-Feng_medium.jpg?v=1511104556\" style=\"margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; float: left;\"\u003eSome still doubt that Lei ever actually existed; if he did then it is likely that the stories around him are part truth and part fabrication. A peasant from Wangcheng near Changsha, in Mao's home province of Hunan, he was orphaned after losing all his family before 1949. Lei's father was killed by the occupying Japanese army and his mother committed suicide. He joined the communists and became a member of the transportation unit of the PLA aged 20. In 1962, an army lorry struck a telephone pole while reversing and Lei Feng was accidentally crushed under the vehicle by the unsuspecting driver while directing it. As most accounts go, his diary was discovered posthumously and was bursting with idolisation of Mao Zedong, desires to perform good and humble deeds in service to the masses, and to assist in the revolutionary spirit. Finding its way upwards through the ranks it finally reached Mao, who made it available to the people, idealising Lei as a \u003cem\u003eyong bu shengxiu de luosiding\u003c\/em\u003e (never-rusting screw) in the machinery of the revolution. Many consider that the diary itself was a fabrication of the head of the PLA, Lin Biao, intended to bolster public support both for the army and for Mao after the failures of the Great Leap Forward. Lei Feng has since been the subject of scores of national propaganda campaigns using the model soldier as the personification of a humble servant of the people and the revolutionary spirit, with countless posters portraying selfless deeds and films about his life. The importance of Lei's moral character has been stressed periodically by various leaders, including Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping, and Jiang Zemin, but with questionable efficacy. In 2013, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the 'Learn from Lei Feng' campaign, three feature-length films were released, \u003cem\u003eYouthful Days\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eLei Feng's Smile\u003c\/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eLei Feng in 1959; \u003c\/em\u003eplaying to almost empty cinemas - some reportedly failing to sell a single ticket.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLi Mubai (1913-1991) was born in Haining, Zhejiang province and first specialised in producing the popular Shanghai \u003cem\u003eyuefenpai\u003c\/em\u003e calendar-posters featuring fashionable beauties, and \u003cem\u003enianhua\u003c\/em\u003e (New Year's prints). Joining the Shanghai Zhiying Studio in 1928 he collaborated with Jin Xuechen and later along with Jin Meisheng the three became known as the ‘Three Pillars’ of the Zhiying Studio. In 1954 he was employed by the Shanghai Poster Publishing House, later to become the Shanghai People’s Fine Art Publishing House. In 1956 Li set up his own studio, Mubai Studio, has won various national art awards and is a member of the Chinese Artists’ Association.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"float: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48487661577,"sku":"HB141","price":245.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/People_s-Liberation-Army-uncle-tells-stories.jpg?v=1511107038"},{"product_id":"89","title":"Peace, Friendship, Unity","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chen Guanzhen\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1960\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shanghai People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 536x765\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Very good, fold to centre, creasing and small tears to margins, delicate paper\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ribbon in centre reads \u003cem\u003eqingzhu san ba guoji funvjie wushi zhounian\u003c\/em\u003e (celebrate 50 years of International Women's Day)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first Women's Day was observed on 8 February 1909 in New York and organised by the Socialist Party of America. The following year socialist groups in Copenhagen held an International Women's Conference, where it was proposed that 8 March be designated as International Women's Day throughout the world - with an estimated one million people attending in various countries in 1911. On 8 March 1917, women in Petrograd went on strike demanding peace and an end to the First World War, the dismantling of the Tsarist regime and the allocation of more food, leading to the beginnings of the Russian Revolution. Calling for gender equality, the right for women to vote and hold public office, while celebrating women's achievements, International Women's Day was adopted by the Chinese Communist Party as early as 1922. Shortly after the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, the government declared that 8 March was to be an official holiday with a half-day off for all women.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChina had had close ties during the 1950s mainly with the Soviet Union and the socialist countries of Eastern Europe but by 1960, against the backdrop of the Sino-Soviet Split, was keen to build relationships and alliances with other countries. Seeing parities between its own treatment at the hands of imperial powers and the injustices faced by many African peoples, China began to receive state leaders and delegates from various African nations. Propaganda posters from this period began to include African people among other nationalities, in an attempt to boost the perception of China as a leading example in the fight against oppression. During the sixties and seventies many movements for social and political change in the West used Chinese propaganda posters - particularly those depicting oppressed people from other foreign nations - as symbols of their struggle. The propaganda posters that can still be found bearing slogans in English were produced for these purposes and sent overseas sometimes in great numbers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis poster shows three women, with the likely intention of representing Russian, Chinese, and an African nationality, arm-in-arm dancing to celebrate the 50th anniversary of International Women's Day. The white dove of peace in the background reinforces the slogan of 'peace, friendship, unity'.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48536682505,"sku":"HB121","price":395.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Peace_-Friendship_-Unity.jpg?v=1511100128"},{"product_id":"94","title":"Make primary education universal","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Central Arts \u0026amp; Crafts Fine Art School Teachers \u0026amp; Students Collective\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1958\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tianjin Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 532x767\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Very good, creasing, small tears to margins, small stain to image, pinholes on top margin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the communists took control of China in 1949 the country faced great difficulties in the education sector, with a literacy rate of around only 15 percent and less than a 40 percent enrolment rate among school-aged children. Education policies have undergone various shifts since the founding of the People's Republic, where vital importance has been placed on the role of education in the development of the new socialist society. Tensions existed in social policy between the designations of 'red' or 'expert' - 'red' meaning possessing the correct political orientation, and 'expert' having professional knowledge and skill. In the field of education this has been characterised by swings between the 'red' objectives of emphasis on primary and adult education with political training in schools, and the 'expert' aims of focusing on technical and higher education with an academic emphasis at lower levels. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChinese education policies in the early 1950s were generally influenced by the centralised Soviet model that emphasised quality of students over quantity, however from the late fifties this practice was adapted in an attempt to greatly expand enrolment. In 1950 curricular standards for primary schools were established by the Ministry of Education, along with the production of school textbooks and teaching materials. The concept of \u003cem\u003eminbangongzhu, \u003c\/em\u003eor 'managed by the people and subsidised by the state' was established to assist in the development of primary-level education, where the local community would set up and staff their own schools with the assistance and subsidy of the state. Achieving the aim of universal primary education in China required a focus largely on rural areas - where the majority of the population lived and historically the education system had been most lacking. With the goals of teaching basic literacy and numeracy, along with agricultural knowledge and political education, the \u003cem\u003eminban \u003c\/em\u003eschools expanded rapidly. Between 1952 and 1965 the overall primary school enrolment over doubled from 51 million to 116 million, representing 84 percent of school-aged children.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sign on the archway in the background of the poster reads \u003cem\u003eminban xiaoxue\u003c\/em\u003e (primary school run by the people).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48583639049,"sku":"HB73","price":395.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Make-primary-education-universal.jpg?v=1510582781"},{"product_id":"95","title":"Develop cultural entertainment activities for the masses, develop socialist art and literature","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Central Arts \u0026amp; Crafts Fine Art School Teachers \u0026amp; Students Collective\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1958\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tianjin Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 532x769\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Good, creasing, creasing to margins, small tears to margins, pinholes on top margin, two repairs on rear to tears on bottom corners, no loss\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the early days of the Great Leap Forward the population was involved nationwide in campaigns to increase production and huge construction projects. Scientists were expected to contribute by setting up research units which would compete to increase crop yields, and in the sector of education thousands of \u003cem\u003ehong zhuan\u003c\/em\u003e (red and expert) schools and universities were founded practically overnight - with teachers instantly promoted to the rank of college professor. In the field of culture, countless folk song clubs were organised along with rural artistic creation committees. Members would write scores of poems and compose songs extolling the virtue of the commune system, competing to see which team could pen the most. Many famous writers and artists took part, including one of China's most famous literary icons, Guo Moruo (1892-1978).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe central character in this poster, possibly performing a traditional ribbon dance, is depicted surrounded by line drawings representing all manner of artistic public performances - from Chinese opera to choir singing. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48590094345,"sku":"HB179-22","price":350.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Develop-cultural-entertainment-activities-for-the-masses_-develop-socialist-art-and-literature.jpg?v=1507377450"},{"product_id":"103","title":"Join together to safeguard peace","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Zhang Huaijiang and Zhang Cizhong\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1952\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e People's Fine Art Publishing House\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 536x770\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Very good, creasing and small tears to margins, pinholes in corners causing small losses, foxing to lower margin\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe text on the centre banner reads \u003cem\u003eYazhou ji Taipingyang quyu ge guo renmin tuanjie qilai jiaqiang he kuoda baowei heping yundong\u003c\/em\u003e (people of all the countries of the Asia-Pacific region unite together, strengthen and expand the movement for the safeguarding of peace)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBetween 2 October and 12 October 1952 the Asia-Pacific Region Peace Conference was held in Beijing. Attending delegates, the majority of whom were associated with communist parties in their own countries, arrived from 37 different nations. Mao Zedong gave a number of speeches. Soong Ching Ling, wife of Sun Yat-sen, led the Chinese delegation at the conference and was elected as president of the Liaison Committee in 1952. There was a signed declaration from the Pakistani and Kashmiri delegates to announce the intention of settling differences between the two parties. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith the signing of the Sino-Soviet Treaty in 1950, the early part of the decade marked the high point in relations between China and the Soviet Union. The wide-scale economic and military cooperation continued until the 1960s when the friendship began to thaw considerably, leading to the Sino-Soviet split.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"eastredgallery","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48648617993,"sku":"HB82","price":595.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2238\/5855\/products\/Join-together-to-safeguard-peace.jpg?v=1507381892"},{"product_id":"106","title":"More pigs, more fertiliser, increased grain yield","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArtist:\u003c\/strong\u003e Xu Hongduo and Kong Xiangren\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1960\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Jiangsu Art \u0026amp; Culture Publishing House\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm):\u003c\/strong\u003e 528x768\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Very good, fold to centre, creasing and small tears to margins, very delicate paper\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first \u003cem\u003erenmin gongshe\u003c\/em\u003e (people's commune) - the Chayashan Satellite People's Commune - was established in Henan province on 29 April 1958. With the purpose of organising rural production in the countryside on a vast scale, the communes were authorised by the Chinese Communist Party in August 1958 at the Beidaihe Conference. A nationwide campaign launched in December resulted in the formation of over 26,000 such organisations. As part of the larger Great Leap Forward policy, the communes formed the top administrative level presiding over the progressively smaller production brigades and teams. Mao Zedong declared the new system, which consolidated the income and production of several villages, to be vital to the new route to Chinese communism and by 1959 over 99 percent of the rural population had been assimilated into communes - some of which had over 100,000 members.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAchieving a high grain yield in the countryside was key to supporting the higher levels of investment necessary for the rapid breakthroughs planned in the heavy industry sector. In contrast to the modern soviet model, the responsibility for setting output targets was placed by Mao directly into the hands of provincial party secretaries - who felt they had no choice in the political climate but to respond optimistically. The competition and fear of under-performance led to drastic over-reporting of output and in turn ever-increasing pressures on cadres to fulfil their quotas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIncreasing grain yields in the communes was to be achieved in part by cultivating more land and vastly improving irrigation systems, and the peasants were mobilsed en masse, around the clock in huge construction projects. Participation was obligatory, with the only source of food being the communal canteens where labour provided the right to eat. The two new initiatives of deep plowing and close planting were to be applied in the fields - the latter simply requiring seeds to be planted much closer together with the addition of great amounts of fertiliser. Results were poor as this meant the sprouts were competing for light and nutrients, so much grain and fertiliser was wasted while output was reduced. Pigs were used as a major source of organic fertiliser, as can be seen in this 1960 poster where workers collect fertiliser from pigs in the early morning or evening light. 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